Summary SVAMPE 1 - 10

SVAMPE 1-10 - SVAMPE 11-20 - SVAMPE 21-30 - SVAMPE 31-40 - SVAMPE 41-50 - SVAMPE 51-60

Phleogena faginea in Lyngby Åmose - Henrik F. Gøtzsche - Svampe 1: 6-7. A new find of the rare Phleogena faginea (Fr.) Link on Alnus glutinosa from the northern part of Copenhagen is reported. Of the 14 previous Danish finds 12 are from Fagus, one from Quercus and one from Alnus. Most have been found just north of Copenhagen in one locality (Jægersborg Dyrehave). Besides there are three finds from Zealand and one from Funen.

Amanita eliae - new to Denmark - Thomas Brandt-Pedersen & Karin Toft - Svampe 1 :8-9. Amanita eliae is reported as new to Denmark from four localities in the middle part of Jutland. The records are among the northernmost in Europe.

Haasiella venustissima found in Denmark - Leif Døssing - Svampe 1: 15-18. A description of the rare agaric Haasiella venustissima collected for the first time in Denmark on Lolland is given.
The Danish material differs from the material described from Germany in some respects: The fruitbodies are smaller, the cap mostly mycenoid, rarely clitocyboid, and the colours are less bright. All collected specimens grew on or were attached to dead, mostly fallen branches of Sambuchus nigra. The habitat was a shady place in a hollow in a deciduous forest. The fruiting time was September-October.
Material is deposited in the Botanical Museum in Copenhagen.

Auricularia auricula-judae is spreading in Denmark - Henning Knudsen & Aage Pedersen - Svampe 1: 19-26. The paper deals with Hirneola auricula-judae in Denmark, and especially its distribution. From available literature and herbarium material it is shown that this species during the last decades have colonized large parts of Denmark. The present distribution corresponds nicely to areas where the average temperature of January is above 0° C. The areas below 0° are grey on Fig. 5. The substrate in Denmark is for 90% of the finds Sambuchus nigra. Other hosts are (from 6 to 1 finds): Fraxinus excelsior, Ulmus glabra, Populus sp., Fagus silvatica, Acer negundo, Euonymus europaeus, Acer platanoides, Acer sp., Cerasus vulgaris, Juglans regia, Salix sp. and Sambuchus racemosa.
From our material we can support the theory raised by L. Lange (1974) and van der Laan (1976) that H. auricula-judae is favoured by high contents of mineral salts in the ground or in the form of dust from the sea.

The genus Melastiza (Pezizales) in Denmark - Henry Dissing - Svampe 1: 29-33. Melastiza chateri, M. flavorubens and M. scotica are reported on for the first time from Denmark. The distribution in Denmark of each species is surveyed, and a key is provided.

The genera Camarophyllus and Hygrocybe pro parte - Poul Printz - Svampe 2: 57-65. Kayes are given to the white, grey and brown species of the genera Camarophyllus Kummer and Hygrocybe Kummer. The 11 Nordic species of Camarophyllus are keyed out together with 6 species of Hygrocybe sect. Tristes Bat. Coloured illustrations are brought of the very rare Camarophyllus subviolaceus (Peck) Singer, Hygrocybe clivalis (Fr.) Orton & Watling, H. ingrata Jensen & Møller, H. murinacea (Fr.) Moser, H. ovina (Fr.) Kühner and H. streptopus (Fr.) Bon. The illustrations are original water-colours made by the Danish mycologist F. H. Møller, who died in 1962.

A fairy-ring of Calvatia gigantea - Preben Graae Sørensen & Susanne Thorbek - Svampe 2: 81-86. Exact positions and diameters of all fruitbodies af a large fairy ring of Calvatia giganthea have been measured during five years (Fig. 3). The locality was a pasture dominated by Alopecurus pratensis near Copenhagen. The average expansion of the mycelium was found to be remarkably constant (95 cm per year) (Fig. 4), but the crop of fruitbodies varied from one year to the next (Fig. 6) and with respect to the postion in the ring (Fig. 3). The volume of the annual production of fruitbodies is correlated with the total amount of precipitation in the period from April to August. A necessary condition for the first appearance of fruitbodies is a precipitation of approximately 150 mm in this period.

The genera Gyromitra, Discina og Rhizina - Henry Dissing - Svampe 3: 1-9. Discina fastigiata is reported on for the first time from Denmark. The distribution of Gyromitra esculenta, G. infula, Discina gigas, D. perlata and Rhizina undulata in Denmark is surveyed, and a key is provided for the treated species.

Cortinarius speciosissimus in Denmark - Leif Døssing - Svampe 3: 11-14. A desciption is given of Cortinarius speciosissimus, which has been recorded for the first time in Denmark in 1980, where it was found in three different places, in Falster, Jutland and North Zealand. The habitat in a raised bog, Horreby Lyng on Falster is described. Most of the finds in the bog are from mixed coniferous and deciduous woodland, but one find was made in a pure birch area.

What mushrooms are eaten in Denmark? - Jørgen Albertsen, Henning Knudsen & Preben Graae Sørensen - Svampe 4: 49-58. 1370 members of the Danish mycological society were given the questionnaire skown in Fig. 1 on their eating habits of fungi. 209 members replied and the results are shown in Table I to VI. On average each participant consumed 17 species and a total number of 174 species were recorded.
The fungi were prepared as follows: Raw 8%, fried 74%, stewed 49%, in soup 18%, in other ways 14%. The preferred way of preservation was drying and deepfreezing, while conservation in brine, as pickled or bottled were hardly used at all.
Table VI gives a list of the fungi ranked according to culinary value (1. class percentage). For comparison the results of a somewhat similar french investigation is shown in Table VII. It shows a remarkable difference in preferences.

Cortinarius, ssp. Dermocybe in Scandinavia - Klaus Høiland - Svampe 4: 63-73. A key and coloured plates of the 23 known species of Cortinarius subgenus Dermocybe including 3 new species are provided. Valid descriptions of the new species together with a more detailed account of the subgenus in Norden will be published in Nordic Journal of Botany or Opera Botanica.

Four interesting species of Bolbitiaceae from Denmark - Roy Watling & Henning Knudsen - Svampe 4: 74-79. Four interesting species of Bolbitiaceae are described from recent danish collections. Bolbitius lacteus and Conocybe utriformis are redescribed, and Conocybe parvula and C. elegans described as new species. However, it should be noted that the two species are not validly published in this paper. This will be done together with a more detailed account of the four species in a fourthcoming paper in Nordic Journal of Botany (Watling 1982).

Lactarius mairei found in Denmark - David Boertmann - Svampe 4: 79-80. A description of a collection of Lactarius mairei from Funen 1980 is given. The opinion of Reid (1969) that var. zonatus should be reduced to forma zonatus is supported, due to the fact that the zonation dissapears with age and weathering and in dried specimens, and because clearly zonated specimens have relatively large spores (7,5-9 x 6.3-6.8 µm).
Lactarius mairei was also found on Zealand in 1980, and both collections were made under Quercus robur.

The Armillaria mellea-complex - Helga Marxmüller & Poul Printz - Svampe 5: 1-10, 59-60. The species concept and the variation within the Armillariella mellea-complex is discussed. The necessity of further collections and investigations especially in Denmark in order to establish the identity of A. mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Karst. s. str. is emphasized. A preliminary key is given to the five species recognized by the Finnish mycologist Kari Korhonen (1978) together with original water-colours (by H. M.) of these species. (A key (in Danish) to A. mellea s. lato is found on pp. 59-60).

The genus Cordyceps (Fr.) Link in Denmark - Thomas Læssøe - Svampe 6: 73-83. The Danish species of Cordyceps are described and their status discussed. C. forquignoni is reported for the first time from Denmark, and C. entomorrhiza is recorded in large quantities from the small island Vorsø in Horsens Fjord, Jutland.
Material of the perfect state of C. militaris, C. entomorrhiza, C. forquignoni, C. ophioglossoides, C. capitata and C. canadensis and imperfect material of C. tuberculata are known from Denmark. Furthermore collections on Paravespula and Melolontha may represent the imperfect forms of C. sphecocephala and C. melolonthae. It is noticed that all recent Danish collections of the C. canadensis/capitata-group are C. canadensis. This seems also to be the fact in the Netherlands (Maas G. 1963). In Finland only C. canadensis is found (Ulvinen 1966), while in Norway only C. capitata is found (Eckblad 1967).
C. gracilis is not yet recorded from Denmark; a new find from Skåne in southern Sweden is added to the few previous Swedish records.

The genus Mycena - new or little known danish species - Steen A. Elborne & Thomas Læssøe - Svampe 6: 96-102. 5 species of Mycena are reported new to Denmark, viz. M. bulbosa (Cejp) Kühn.. M. polyadelpha (Lasch) Kühn., M. roseipallens Murr., M. alba Bres. and M. phaeophylla Kühn. - all collected in Jutland. Descriptions and figures of some other rare or interesting species are given. Mossy trunks at Mønsted Limepits are reported as a favourable locality for rare and disappearing (?) species (esp. M. meliigena (Berk. & Cke) Sacc.).

The genus Ganoderma in Denmark and Europe - Jens H. Petersen - Svampe 7: 1-11. The article describes six european species of Ganoderma, of which five are known from Denmark. G. applanantum is the most common, found in all parts of the country on variuos hosts. G. adspersum has been confused with G. applanatum, and only seven collections on six (living) hosts are known, but it is probably more widespread. G. pfeifferi is rather common in areas with old Fagus, and G. lucidum is found scattered all over the country. G. resinaceum is only known from two localities in the southernmost part, at the base of old Quercus robur. G. atkinsonii and G. valesiacum are mountain species not found in Denmark. As the taxonomic value of G. valesiacum is doubtful it is not treated here.
G. adspersum has not been reported from Denmark before.

Camarops in Denmark - Susanne Klug-Andersen & Peder Rabenborg - Svampe 7: 12-17. A short literature-based description of the genus Camarops Karst. is given, followed by a more detailed description of C. lutea, C. microspora and C. polysperma. Lists of Danish samples of the three species are given together with maps of their distribution, followed by a discussion of habitats and distribution. Finally a sample of C. polysperma on dean Alnus glutinosa and C. microspora on dead A. incana near Mellendorf in the German Federal Republic on 13/9 1982 is mentioned.

The newspapertest - Erik Rald - Svampe 7: 18-25. The recently published newspaper-test for the detection of amatoxins was tried on fresh carpophores of 535 species of macrofungi, 163 of which gave a positive result. The most prominent reactions were: 1) various blue, greenish blue, or greenish colours seen in a number of genera of gill fungi, 2) an initially reddish colour changing to blue (Amanita and Panaeolus), 3) a permanent purplish-red colour (Tricholoma, Exobasidium vaccinii). 4) various orange and brownish colours (Agaricus, Camarophyllus, Geastrum, Inocybe, and Naucoria).
The bluish green colour caused by amatoxins in Amanita and Galerina cannot be reliably discerned from the one caused by psilocybin and other 4-substituted tryptamines in Psilocybe. Moreover, the apparently widespread occurrence of blue and green reactions in fungi commonly considered edible, e.g. Lentinellus cochleatus, Lepista nuda, Lyophyllum spp., Psathyrella velutuna, points to unidentified compounds reacting in the test. The newspaper-test should not be applied as a standard procedure in case of mushroom-poisoning.

Three species of Pezizales found in Denmark - Henry Dissing - Svampe 7: 43-45. Aleuria bicucullata, Chalazion helveticum and Miladina lecithina are reported for the first time in Denmark. A short description is provided for each species.

Marine fungi from Danish coasts - Jørgen Koch & E.B. Gareth-Jones - 8: 49-65.
A list of 52 marine lignicolous higher fungi (Ascomycotina, Deuteromycotina, Basidiomycotina) mostly collected on driftwood in different situations along the Danish coast is presented. The main part of the collections is from Grønhøj at the north west coast of Jutland, coastal water salinity 3.5%. 46 species are represented in the herbarium (CP) of the Department of Plant Pathology, Copenhagen. 30 species are illustrated with SEM micrographs of spores, and 3 with light microscope pictures. For ease of presentation, species are listed as by Kohlmeyer & Kohlmeyer (1979). However, taxonomically we do not accept many of these names and major revisions of the genera of the Halosphaeriaceae are in press (Jones & Mos, 1978, 1980; Jones, Johnson & Moss, 1983a, b, Johnson, 1980; Shearer & Crane, 1980).

The distribution of Schizophyllum commune in Denmark - Henning Knudsen & Aage Pedersen - 8: 66-72.
The present distribution of Schizophyllum commune in Denmark is surveyed and compared to the distribution 50 years ago (Bjørnekær & Buchwald 1933). It is suggested that the larger distribution and frequency now could be due to the rising industrialisaton. This includes a rise in the use of timber and transportation of timber, often from one part of the country to another thus providing excellent dispersing facilities for the fungus. At the same time the habit of storing the cut wood for months along the (often sunny) woodpaths largely has expanded the favoured habitat of Schizophyllum. The favoured host in Denmark is Fagus with more than 50% of the records, while the remaining are shared between 21 other hosts.

Lead, Cadmium, mercury and selenium in mushrooms and their effect on humans - Yngve Solberg - 8: 73-81.
A review is given on the occurrence of the potentially toxic elements cadmium, lead, mercury and selenium in fungi. Many fungi are able to accumulate heavy elements in amounts which other organisms can not tolerate. The toxicological significance of these findings is briefly discussed.
The high mercury content of several species of fungi is due to their tremendous accumulating ability and can not generally be related to mercury pollution. The concentration in mushrooms taken in the field is higher than in other plants, and the highest level of total mercury was found among species of Agaricaceae. The amount of mercury in Boletaceae were higher than in other mycorrhizal fungi, and the maximum content in this family was found in Boletus edulis. The level of the toxic compound methylmercury has been found to be present only at low percentage of the total mercury content.
Cadmium was found to be present in high concentrations in some Agaricus-species belonging to special taxonomic groups. In relation to soil concentration, cadmium is highly enriched in the species A. abruptibulbus, A. arvensis, A. augustus, A. macrocarpus, A. macrosporus and A. silvicola, the enrichment being a taxonomic criterion of special value. Among the remaining genera of higher fungi, only Leucoagaricus, Amanita and Boletus showed similar enrichment properties for this element. During growth on artificially cadmium contaminated substrate, an efficient uptake of the element into the mycelium has been found to excist by some fungi.
All mushrooms growing on wood were poor in selenium, which is probably due to the low levels of this element in the substrate.
In almost all cases the trace element content of the caps were 2 to 3 times as high as those of the stems.
It is concluded that specific uptake is of great importance in fungi and that element concentration is more a function of species than of substrate properties. The mechanism that enables some fungi to cope with large concentrations of the three elements cadmium, mercury and selenium is still obscure. It is probable that mercury is chelated by reaction with the sulfhydryl groups of the proteins.
There is no correlation between the selenium and mercury content. No synergistic or antagonistic relationship between cadmium and the two elements copper and zinc has been observed.

The danish geoglossaceae - Thomas Læssøe & Steen A. Elborne - Svampe 9: 9-22. The present study of the Danish exsiccatae of Geoglossum, Trichoglossum, Thuemenidium and Microglossum has led to a list of 15 species. 2 taxa (G. littorale (Rostr.) Nannf. and Tr. tetrasporum Sinden & Fitzpatrick) are excluded from the 1954 list by Bille Hansen. G. littorale has been synonymized with G. glutinosum Pers. (Nitare 1983). The cited Tr. tetrasporum-material has not been found. G. elongatum Nannf. (3 coll.) and Tr. octopartitum Mains (1. coll.) are added as new. The most widespread species are G. fallax, G. glutinosum and Tr. hirsutum.

The genus Panaeolus in Denmark - Erik Rald - Svampe 10: 57-72. Ten species of Panaeolus (including Panaeolina and Anellaria) are admitted to the Danish list. These are described and illustrated, and their nomenclature is discussed. P. rickenii Hora is regarded as a synonym of P. acuminatus (Schaeff.) Quel. in the original sense of Schaeffer and is therefore excluded from the Danish check-list. P. olivaceus Møll. is regarded as a synonym of P. fimicola (Pers.: Fr.) Quel.

Peziza apiculata Cooke - Henry Dissing - Svampe 10: 85. Peziza apiculata is reported on for the first time in Denmark. A short description is provided.

Polyporus tuberaster - a peculiar fungus - David Boertmann - Svampe 10: 85-87. Polyporus lentus is rather common on the eastern parts of the island Fyn, and in the autumn 1981 Polyporus tuberaster sensu stricto was found there. Two intermediate forms growing on dead branches on the ground and connected to small pseudosclerotia were found in the same area. The finds are described, and three additional records of P. tuberaster s.s. from the southeastern parts of the country are mentioned. All records are from rich mull in deciduous forest.

Orbilia sarraziniana Boud. - a new ascomycete from Bornholm - Siegmar Birken - Svampe 10: 87-88. A description of the rare Orbilia sarraziniana collected for the first time on Bornholm (Denmark) is given. The fruiting time was july-august.

Hericium and allies in Denmark - Henning Knudsen & Aage Pedersen - Svampe 10: 91-99. The 4 Danish species of Hericiaceae (excluding Mucronella) and Climacodon septentrionalis is described and illustrated. All species are seldom (Hericium coralloides, Creolophus cirrhatus) or very seldom with only a few records from Denmark (Hericium erinaceum, Dentipellis fragilis, Climacodon septentrionalis). Most finds are from Sjælland, probably because of ols beech forests are least seldom there.
On the maps squares indicate herbarium material, while circles are records from the literature. In fig. 9 diamonds indicate finds of Dentipellis fragilis.

SVAMPE 1-10 - SVAMPE 11-20 - SVAMPE 21-30 - SVAMPE 31-40 - SVAMPE 41-50 - SVAMPE 51-60