Summary SVAMPE 31 - 40.

SVAMPE 1-10 - SVAMPE 11-20 - SVAMPE 21-30 - SVAMPE 31-40 - SVAMPE 41-50 - SVAMPE 51-60

Boletus satanas - Flemming Rune - Svampe 31: 1-4. A record of Boletus satanas from Møns Klint, Denmark, is described macroscopically and its ecology is discussed. 100 grammes of flesh from caps and stems was fried and consumed without any symptoms of poisoning.

Notes on rare fungi collected in Denmark. Antrodia heteromorpha - Morten Strandberg - Svampe 31: 10. Suillus placidus refound - Morten Strandberg - 31: 10-11. New collections of Hygrocybe spadicea - Jan Vesterholt - 31: 11-14. Cortinarius cyanites refound - Jan Vesterholt - 31: 14. Geastrum campestre in Denmark - Christian Lange - 31: 14. Antrodia heteromorpha has been found on Pinus sylvestris in Tisvilde Hegn, Sjælland. It is only the second Danish record, the first one being from Hornbæk Plantage nearby in 1953. The species is compared to A. ramentacea.
Suillus placidus has been found in Tisvilde Hegn in association with Pinus strobus. It is the first danish record since 1965. It is suggested, that its status in the Danish red list of macrofungi is altered from "extinct" to "rare".
In the period 1992-1994 Hygrocybe spadicea has been recorded from 15 new localities, making a total of 19 localities in Denmark. This is a unique situation among rare and easily recognizable species. Its status as "endangered" in the Danish red list of macrofungi is questioned. The colour variant described by Smith & Hesler as Hygrophorus spadiceus var. albifolius has been found in one of the 15 new localities.
Cortinarius cyanites has been found in Trelde Vesterskov, eastern Jylland. It is the first record since 1942. Its status as "extinct" must be changed to "endangered". It was found very near the only recent Danish locality of C. bulliardii, which was considered extinct until rediscovered in 1990.
Geatrum campestre has been found at Rubjerg (northern Jylland) and at Røsnæs (western Sjælland), making a total of three Danish localities, the first one being on the island Fanø.

What is Lepiota pseudofelina? - Christian Lange - Svampe 31: 41-43. Based on studies of a recent Danish collection of Lepiota pseudofelina Lange, it is decided to consider this taxon a very dark form of Lepiota griseovirens Maire. This coincides with Vellinga & Huijser (1993). The problems concerning the true identity of L. griseovirens Maire are discussed. It is decided to follow Vellinga & Huijser, reserving the epithet griseovirens for the dark form. The light coloured form is considered a separate species with the name Lepiota poliochloodes Vellinga & Huijser.

Øland - a hot spot for mycologists- Christian lange - Svampe 32: 6-13. The Swedish island Øland, situated along the south-eastern coast of Sweden, is well known among naturelovers for its great variety of rare plants and birds. During the latest years it has been shown that Øland is extremely rich in rare fungi too. Especially old, overgrown meadows, now covered with a dense shrub of primarily Corylus are impressing. This paper presents five of the findings from the season 1994. In Denmark, these five species are either very rare or not recorded. Limacella delicata var. vinosorubescens, Calocybe obscurissima and Floccularia rickenii are reported here for the first time from Sweden.

Three common danish truffles - Flemming Rune - Svampe 32: 22-25. Elaphomyces muricatus (Fr.) Wallr., Hydnotrya tulasnei (Berk.) Berk. & Br. and Rhizopogon obtextus (Spreng.) Rauschert seem to be common in Denmark. The habitat of each species is described, and their fruitbodies are illustrated.

Introduction to the colours of fungi - Jens H. Petersen - Svampe 32: 26-31. The quality of the tree most prevalent colour-manuals is evaluated and the techniques used in the reproductions of their colours are discussed. The far most convincing of the three is Ridgways "Color Standards and Color Nomanclature", in which no less than 1113 colours are illustrated and named. This colour-manual is printed in 1113 pure colours, giving almost perfect results. Kornerup and Wanschers "Reinhold Color Atlas" (K&W) is printed with 30 pure colours rasterized with black and white to give 42 varieties of each. The result is not as convincing as Ridgway, but the book is widespread, and contains very good chapters on colour theory and colour-names. In the "Colour Identification Chart" distributed by The British Mycological Society 84 colours are printed with pure colours, giving a small but nice colour reference system.
The colour-chart submitted with the present issue of "Svampe" is printed with the four-colour system (CMYK) supplemented with an orange Pantone-colour, to yield better yellows and oranges. The specific techniques and raster-values are given i tab 1. Copies of the colour-chart can be ordered from Svampetryk, P. O. box 168, DK-2670 Greve, Denmark.

Notes on rare fungi collected in Denmark. Capronia porothelia - a parasite on Laxitextum bicolor - Thomas Læssøe - Svampe 32: 32. Litschaueria corticiorum - a parasite on Stereum hirsutum - Thomas Læssøe - 32: 34. Entoloma corvinum - Jan vesterholt - 32: 34. Entoloma glaucobasis found in Denmark - Jan Vesterholt - 32: 34-35. Cortinarius caesiocortinatus new to Denmark - David Boertmann & Jan Vesterholt - 32: 35. Capronia porothelia growing on Laxitextum bicolor is reported from Denmark, Sweden and Hispaniola and two collections from USA add to those already known. It is noteworthy that the Fungi Exsicc. Suecici contains the "parasite". The record of C. spinifera from France (Müller & al. 1987) is suggested to be C. porothelia as well. If C. porothelia and C. spinifera prove to be identical C. porothelia constitutes the oldest name.
Litschaueria corticiorum is reported as new to Denmark. It was found on Stereum hirsutum.
Entoloma corvinum has earlier been treated in Svampe. Here a colour illustration is provided.
Entoloma glaucobasis is reported as new to Denmark. Earlier reports of this species are from Central Europe.
Cortinarius caesiocortinatus is reported as new to Denmark. Earlier reports of this species are from Central Europe.

Fruitbody-production and distribution of Rozites caperatus in Tisvilde Hegn - Morten Strandberg & Erik Rald - Svampe 32: 36-40. The production of fruitbodies of 14 mycelia of Rozites caperatus growing with Scots Pine in Tisvilde Hegn, Denmark, was measured for four consecutive years. Average production per year per mycelium was 11.6 g dry matter, varying from 0 to 125.3 g. In 1991 and 1992 the main season of fruitbody formation was in September, while in 1993 it was in mid August, and in 1994 in early October.

The genus Selinia - Thomas Læssøe - Svampe 32: 51-55. Selinia pulchra is reported from sheep, cow and deer dung from Denmark. Recently collected material on dung from fallow deer (Dama dama) matches the material collected by Emil Chr. Hansen last century on cow and sheep dung. On the other hand, a collection made by Munk on cow dung in the fifties, could not be confirmed and may represent another Selinia species or may even belong to another genus. The huge oblong spores turn brown at maturity. One of the original Hansen (1877) plates is reproduced and shows, besides some Coprinus structures, a detailed analysis of Selinia pulchra. Hansen apparently distributed some of his material under the herbarium name Hypocreopsis glabra before realising that his material matched the type described by Winter a few years earlier. Some of Hansen's observations on the morphology are quoted in full.

What is the status of Hygrophorus hypothejus? - Jan Vesterholt - Svampe 33: 13-25. Due to the eutrophication and acidification from air pollution, many mycorrhizal species from sandy soils have been declining drastically in the Netherlands. A decline of a similar scale has not been observed in Denmark.
It is here suggested that ten mycorrhizal species from nutrient poor soils should be monitored, viz. Chroogomphus rutilus, Gomphidius glutinosus, Hygrophorus agathosmus, H. hypothejus, Tricholoma portentosum, Cortinarius armillatus, C. bolaris, C. pholideus, C. traganus and Rozites caperatus will be included in the project. None of these are very common in Denmark, but on the other hand none are as rare as in the Netherlands.
The eutrophication and acidification is at a lower level in Denmark than in the Netherlands, but possibly a similar decline in the fruiting of fungal species might be expected to occur with some delay. The aim of this monitoring project is to provide a documentation of possible changes in the Danish funga.

Danish dune fungi and their ecology- Steen Andrew Elborne - Svampe 33: 37-49. The sand dune fungi Hohenbuehelia culmicola, Inocybe impexa, I. serotina, I. vulpinella, Laccaria maritima, Lycoperdon lividum, Mycena chlorantha, Omphalina lilacinicolor, and Psathyrella ammophila are described based on Danish material. Their ecology, periodicity and taxonomy are compared with that reported by other authors.
Hohenbuehelia culmicola is easily separated from other species of Hohenbuehelia by the habitat and prominent stipe. Carpophores found in Denmark are larger than previously published and also spores are sligthly larger. The latter probably due to the occurence of 2-spored basidia. The species was described by Bon in 1979, but the first collection known is from Denmark in 1950. Spores germinated on V-8 agar produced glutinous cells for capturing nematodes just like all other species of Hohenbuehelia studied.
Inocybe impexa has been variously enterpreted, mostly under the name Inocybe maritima. My interpretation is that of Kuyper (1986) of a species close to Inocybe lacera but with a hygrophanous pileus.
Inocybe serotina has by some authors wrongly been placed in the group without cystidia on the stipe. In fact it has abundant cystidia in the whole length of the stipe. Bon (1984) studied the typematerial from North America and found it to differ from European material, which he subsequently described as a new species Inocybe psammophila. However, I find the differences to small to warrant a separation of the two species.
The habitat is mostly naked sand in depressions behind yellow dunes, but the mycorrhizal partner Salix repens is always found closeby.
Inocybe vulpinella is a well-defined species, closely related to Inocybe halophila. The latter has been widely misinterpreted as a species close to Inocybe lacera. However, the latter has a fibrillose stipe without pruina, while the two former have an entirely pruinose stipe.
Laccaria maritima has a northern distribution, from The Netherlands and northward to Greenland and the Nordic countries. From the finds it appears to be a facultative mycorrhiza forming species with Salix species.
Mycena chlorantha is confined to coastal sand dunes and coastal grassland. Reports from woods have proved to be misidentifications, e.g. of Mycena arcangeliana. It grows exclusively on grasses, especially on Ammophila.
Omphalina lilacinicolor is closely related to Omphalina galericolor differing mainly in colour. Some authors synonomise the two species, but I hesitate to do likewise. The species is rare in Denmark, but may have been overlooked due to its late time of occurence. It is usually closely connected with the moss Tortula ruraliformis.
Psathyrella ammophila is easily separated from other species of Psathyrella in yellow sand dunes since they belong to another section with shorter spores and clavate basidia. The presence of 2-spored basidia found in Danish material, was not mentioned by the specialist Kits van Waveren (1985). Psathyrella ammophila is the most common and widely distributed larger fungal species in Danish sand dunes and in Northern Europe. It occur most commonly in yellow dunes on Ammophila but may also be found on other grasses in fixed dunes as well as in inland dunes.

Notes on rare fungi collected in Denmark. Two new records of Pseudoombrophila ripensis - Henry Dissing - Svampe 33: 56. Cudonia confusa Bres. in deciduous woods - Erik Rald - 33: 56. Sarcoleotia globosa in Denmark - Thomas Læssøe - 33: 57-58. A new record of Leccinum duriusculum - Erik Rald - 33: 58. Hygrocybe vitellina ss. Boertmann found on Møn - Thomas Læssøe - 33: 58-59. Conocybe dumetorum found in Denmark - Thomas Læssøe - 33: 59. Cortinarius osmophorus found on Møn - Thomas Læssøe - 33: 59. Crepidotus carpathicus in Denmark - Thomas Læssøe & Steen A. Elborne - 33: 59-62. Pseudombrophila ripensis originally described from Denmark in 1876 by E. Chr. Hansen has been found on Zealand in 1992 and in Jutland in 1995.
Cudonia confusa was found on the island Bornholm in a rich deciduous forest without any coniferous trees present.
Sarcoleotia globosa, primarily an arctic-subarctic to boreal species, is reported from Denmark based on two collections, one from a dune heath with Empetrum and one from an old burn on a heath.
Leccinum duriusculum was found on Bornholm. The species is only known from seven Danish localities.
Hygrocybe vitellina is reported for the first time from E Denmark and also for the first time from a bog in a calcareous, rich woodland. The species has red-list status as 'endangered'.
The presence of Conocybe dumetorum in Denmark is verified by a recent collection from Møn, where the fungus grew in a dense nettle stand on very rich soil.
Cortinarius osmophorus is reported from the second Danish locality. Both Møn, the new site, and Bjergeskov are beech woods on calcareous soil with an abundance of Phlegmacia and rare orchids. The species is given 'endangered' status in the Danish red-list (in prep.).
Seven collections of Crepidotus carpathicus are reported from Denmark, representing the first records from the country. The photograph apparently represents the first published colour illustration of this taxon.

Lactarius blennius and L. fluens - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen & Jan Vesterholt - Svampe 34: 11-18. Lactarius fluens is a characteristical and rather common species in Denmark but it has often been overlooked or confused with Lactarius blennius. Descriptions and illustrations of both species are given.
In the field, L. fluens is separated from L. blennius by the pale pileus margin, the less viscid pileus and the more cream coloured lamellae. In the microscope, the most striking difference between the two species is the presence of only scattered distinct hyphae in the upper part of the ixolattice in L. blennius.

Aquatic hyphomycetes - fungi adapted to dispersal in water - Eva Lembke & Lise H. Seerup - Svampe 34: 19-24. The occurrence of the aquatic hyphomycetes has not been investigated in Denmark until now, and the absence of any published results and lack of mention in Danish mycological textbooks made the group an obvious choice for research.
Leaves of Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur and Fagus sylvatica were gathered from nine streams every month during 1995. 26 species were found, and of these 24 were identified as described species. The most frequent species were Anguillospora longissima, Clavariopsis aquatica, Lemonniera aquatica, Margaritispora aquatica, Scorposporium angulatum and Tetracladium marchalianum.

Notes on fungal nomenclature (6) - Flemming Rune & Erik Rald - Svampe 34: 25-28. With the change of starting point to 1753, Russula rosea Pers. 1796 becomes a valid name to replace Russula lepida Fr., dating from 1836. This name change is unfortunate due the to possible confusion with R. rosea Quél., and therefore it might be desirable to conserve R. rosacea (Pers.) S.F. Gray (based on Agaricus rosaceus Pers. 1801) against R. rosea Pers.
As Russula rosea Quél. 1886 is a younger homonym of R. rosea Pers., Russula velutipes Velen. 1920 has become the valid name for R. rosea Quél.
With the change of starting point, Russula sanguinea Fr. 1838 (based on the illegitimate Agaricus sanguineus Bull. 1781, non A. sanguineus Wulfen 1778) is outdated by Russula sanguinaria (Schumach.) Rauschert based on Agaricus sanguinarius Schumach. 1803.
The name Geastrum nanum Pers. 1809 is illegitimate as the protologue includes the earlier G. striatum DC. 1805 as a synonym. Thereby G. schmidelii Vittad. 1842 becomes the valid name for the species. The possibility of a conservation of G. nanum is mentioned.

Notes on rare fungi collected in Denmark. Limacella delicata var. vinosorubescens in Denmark - David Boertmann - Svampe 34: 31. Lepiota cingulum - found in Denmark - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen - 34: 31-32. Lepiota calcicola refound in Møns Klinteskov - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen - 34: 32-34. Russula faustiana new to Denmark - Jan Vesterholt & Jens H. Petersen - 34: 34. Russula roseoaurantia new to Denmark - Jan Vesterholt & Jens H. Petersen - 34: 34-35. Russula lilacea - Jan Vesterholt & Jens H. Petersen - 34: 35. Russula emeticicolor - Jan Vesterholt & Jens H. Petersen - 34: 35-38. Limacella delicata var. vinosorubescens (syn. L. roseofloccosa) is reported from Juelsberg Skov on the island Fyn. It is only the third Danish locality for this species.
Lepiota cingulum is reported for the first time from Denmark. The species was found in Møns Klinteskov beside Lepiota calcicola on calcareous soil under beech.
Lepiota calcicola has been refound on its type-locality, Møns Klinteskov. Apparently, this new find did not originate from the type-mycelium.
Russula faustiana described recently from central Italy is reported as new to Denmark.
Russula roseoaurantia, also described recently from central Italy, is reported as new to Denmark. It is compared to R. lilacea and R. emeticicolor, the two other Danish species of sect. Incrustatae, subsect. Lilacinae.

The genus Cyttaria on New Zealand - Morten Christensen - Svampe 34: 39-43. On a field trip to New Zealand several species of Cyttaria were observed. The species live as obligate parasites on species of Nothofagus. Cyttaria was first discovered in South America by explorers in the 18th century. From his famous journey with the ship "Beagle", Darwin described the fungi from Tierra del Fuego, Chile and Tasmania. In New Zealand three species of Cyttaria occur. C. gunnii and C. pallida are bright yellow, C. nigra is brown to black. The taxonomic placement of the genus has been debated since it was described by Berkeley in 1841. Recently published rDNA studies by Landvik and Eriksson (1994) place the genus in the Leotiales.
The distribution of the genus follows the distribution of Nothofagus. Exceptions from this are the stands of Nothofagus in the subgenus Brassospora on New Guinea and New Caledonia which are not attacked by Cyttaria.

Morels on bark chips in Denmark - Mogens Holm - Svampe 35: 3-4. Thirteen find of morels on chips of conifer bark in Denmark betwen 1991 and 1996 are reported. In 12 cases the morels were Morchella conica in very large quantities, in one locality together with a few fruitbodies of Morchella esculenta and in another with a few Gyromitra esculenta. In one case, only a few Gyromitra esculenta were found. In ten cases the chips of bark had been laid out the year before (from early summer to the beginning of winter), in three cases the time of depositing was unknown. No portion of chips produced morels for more than one season but in one case (out of four) morels were found on a portion of chips laid out later near the original fruitful portion. The mechanism behind the appearance of morels on chips of bark is supposed to be their pioneer strategy suggested by F. Buscot (described in Holm 1995).

The genus Lepista (Fr.) W. G. Smith - Morten Christensen - Svampe 35: 11-21. This paper presents 10 species of Lepista, 8 of which occur in Denmark. The generic limits of Lepista toward Tricholoma, Clitocybe, Leucopaxillus and Lyophyllum are discussed. The main characters of Lepista are the salmon to flesh-red sporedeposits and the spore ornament. From Lyophyllum, Lepista is also separated by the lack of siderophilous basidia. Macroscopical characters are few, but the saprobic lifestyle separates Lepista from Tricholoma which forms mychorrhiza and the non-farinaceous smell separates Lepista from many species of Clitocybe and Tricholoma.
Some of the species presented in the paper are by some authors accepted as varieties only. Especially L. gilva and L. flaccida can be very hard to distinguish and also L. nuda, L. sordida and L. glaucocana constitute a difficult group. The differences are all based on macroscopical characters such as shape, colours and hygrophanity. The illustrations in this paper show typical specimens.

Suillus collinitus found in Denmark - Leo de Jong, Thomas Læssøe & Erik Rald - Svampe 35: 22-26. The bolete Suillus collinitus (Fr.) Kuntze is reported from Denmark for the first time. The distribution and nomenclature of the species is discussed. With some hesitation the Friesian name Suillus collinitus is accepted here.

Lactarius vellereus and L. bertillonii - Annemieke Verbeken & Jan Vesterholt - Svampe 35: 37-43. Lactarius bertillonii is reported as new to Denmark. It is likely to have been confused with L. vellereus. Descriptions of both species are given and some separating characters are listed.
L. bertillonii has a very acrid latex turning yellow to orange with KOH, whereas L. vellereus has a nearly mild latex (when isolated from context) which is unchanged with KOH.
L. vellereus has subglobose to broadly ellipsoid spores with an almost complete reticulate ornamentation. L. bertillonii has more elongate spores wtihout a reticulate ornamentation, not even an incomplete one.
The terminal elements of the pileipellis are apically thick-walled and slightly swollen in L. vellereus. In L. bertillonii the apices are ± thin-walled and they are not swollen.

Gomphus clavatus refound in Denmark - Morten Strandberg - Svampe 35: 46-47. Gomphus clavatus was found in old beech forest near Silkeborg in Jutland. It is the first record in Denmark since 1960. In the Danish red list (Vesterholt & Knudsen 1990) it was listed as extinct. It is suggested that the species should still be on the red list, only now the status should be changed to endangered.

Notes on rare fungi collected in Denmark. Gyromitra fastigiata refound - Thomas Læssøe & Henning Knudsen - Svampe 35: 50. Geoglossum littorale (Rostr.) Nannf. refound - Thomas Læssøe - 35: 50-51. A new record of Porpoloma metapodium from Fyn - Henrik Tranberg - 35: 51-54. A pale variety of Clitocybe odora; Clitocybe odora var. fallax - Jan Vesterholt. - 35: 54-55. Second danish collection of Squamanita paradoxa - Annegrete Eriksen - 35: 55. Cortinarius subporphyropus - Jan Vesterholt - 35: 55-56. Tubaria confragosa found on Bornholm - Bill Jacobsen - 35: 56. Gyromitra fastigiata is reported for the second time from Denmark but the record is from the same site as the previous record from 1980. The site is on calcareous soil and has records of Gyromitra parma, Sarcosphaera coronaria and a range of rare Cortinarius subg. Phlegmacium species.
The recent rediscovery of Geoglossum littorale from the Littorella community bordering Swedish (Småland) oligotrophic lakes prompted a search for this fungus in Denmark, from where it was originally described and not seen since 1892 (central Jutland). It was easily located at a North Jutland site, where it grew among Hygrocybe phaeococcinea, Littorella uniflora and Phragmites australis. The spores of this collection are considerably longer than those reported earlier from Denmark and Sweden but the collection otherwise is a close match to those collections. The fungus should be looked for near other Danish oligotrophic lakes. It will be included with status as 'endangered' in the coming Danish Red List revision.
Porpoloma metapodium has been refound on the island Funen. It grew in dry grassland about ten km from a locality where it was found by Jakob E. Lange in 1923 and 1940. In total, the species has now been found in five Danish localities.
Kuyper (1996) recently described Clitocybe odora var. fallax which differs from the main variety by the absence of green colours. The variety is here reported from Denmark.
The second Danish find of Squamanita paradoxa is reported. It was growing with Cystoderma carcharias in deep moss near a low Juniperus scrub on dry grassland.
Cortinarius subporphyropus is reported as new to Denmark. It is recognized from other purple discolouring Phlegmacium species by small fruitbodies and rather large spores. It has been found in 3 Danish localities. It will be included with status as "endangered" in the coming Danish Red List revision. One locality is threatened by a planned airport expansion.
Tubaria confragosa is reported from Bornholm. It is the first Danish find since 1926 and it was believed to be extinct in Denmark. In the new locality it grew in large numbers on wood chips of Abies procera and Populus sp., both of local origin. So far the species has not been found in natural habitats in Denmark.

Spongipellis spumea on Aesculus - new to Denmark - Flemming Rune - Svampe 36: 1-3.
Summary: Spongipellis spumea (Sow. : Fr.) Pat. is recorded as new to Denmark. Two earlier Danish records are identified as Aurantioporus alborubescens (Bourd. & Galzin) Jahn. The substratum was a 200-year-old living Aesculus hippocastanum, but unfortunately the tree had to be felled for safety's sake. The log of the tree has been moved to the National Arboretum in the hope that the Spongipellis will fruit again.
It is noted that the generic name Spongipellis is feminine, and that the species epithet should thus be spumea, not spumeus.

Notes on fungal nomenclature (7) - Flemming Rune - 36: 16-20.
Summary: Nomenclatural problems for five species of Aphyllophorales and Tremellales, each with two sanctioned names in Fries' "Systema mycologicum" (1821), are discussed, and the valid names according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code) 1994 are selected (with special reference to Article 11.4 and 13.1 in the Code).
Clavaria falcata Pers. 1794 : Fr. 1821 has priority over C. acuta Sow. 1801 : Fr. 1821.
The name C. vermicularis must be referred to Batsch (1783) instead of Swartz (1811), even though Fries (1821) did not refer to Batsch in his sanctioning of the name (but he referred to Micheli (1729) as did Batsch), and thus C. vermicularis Batsch 1783 : Fr. 1821 has priority over C. fragilis Holmsk. 1790 : Fr. 1821.
Phlebia merismoides Fr. 1818 : Fr. 1821 has priority over P. radiata Fr. 1821 : Fr. 1821 and P. contorta Fr. 1821 : Fr. 1821.
Exidia impressa (Pers. 1822 : Fr. 1822) Fr. 1822 has priority over E. truncata Fr. 1822 : Fr. 1822.
The two names Tremella foliacea Pers. 1800 : Fr. 1822 and T. fimbriata Pers. 1800 : Fr. 1822 were published simultaneously, despite recent statements of the opposite. The misunderstanding is caused by an erroneous reference (misprint) in "Synopsis methodica fungorum" (Persoon 1801) that made the last mentioned name appear four years older. Neuhoff (1936) selected T. foliacea when synonymizing the two names, and thus this name has priority according to Article 11.5 in the Code.
The likelyhood of conservation proposals for Clavaria acuta, Phlebia radiata and Exidia truncata is mentioned.

Entonaema cinnabarina - an exotic pyrenomycete - Thomas Læssøe - 36: 21-22.
Summary: Entonaema cinnabarina is recorded from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast for the second time. It was found in large quantities on Fraxinus angustifolia trunks in late July. Other Xylariaceae on the site included Hypoxylon macrocarpum and H. cercidicola.

Notes on rare fungi collected in Denmark. A new name for Auriculariopsis ampla: Schizophyllum amplum - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen - 36: 23-24. A new collection of Lentaria epichnoa - Jacob Heilmann-Clausen - 36: 24-26. Coltrichia confluens in Denmark - Jens H. Petersen - 36: 26.
Summary. Total, Schizophyllum amplum has been found in 23 Danish localities. It is argued that the species is overlooked and not truly rare. It has earlier been known as Auriculariopsis ampla, and reasons for including it in the genus Schizophyllum are summarised.
Lentaria epichnoa has been found for the fifth time in Denmark. As most Danish finds it was growing on sawdust. It is compared with L. afflata which can be found in similar habitats.
The newly described Coltricia confluens Keizer (Keizer 1997) is reported from two localities in eastern Jutland, Denmark, where it grew on rich soil in a park and a deciduous forest with Urtica, Phaeolepiota aurea, Lepiota spp. and Agaricus spp. The Danish specimens resemble the Dutch type in their small fruitbodies with confluent, orange-brown caps.

New Danish Inocybe species - Klaus Bo Nielsen - 36: 27-31.
Summary: Four taxa of Inocybe are reported as new to Denmark.
I. praetervisa was found in two localities in eastern Jutland, both localities were rich deciduous scrub on calcareous soil. I rufuloides var. exilis was found twice in a locality in northwestern Jutland near Pinus, Quercus and Salix repens. I. phaeodisca var. phaeodisca was recorded from three and var. geophylloides from two localities in eastern Jutland. All collections were made on rich soil in association with Fagus.

Do they eat more fungi in Sweden and Finland than we do in Denmark? - Morten Strandberg - 36: 32-36.
Summary: Three papers on the consumption of mushrooms in Denmark, Sweden and Finland were compared. It was found that people in Denmark eat 0.4 kg of wild mushrooms on the average in a normal year. The corresponding amounts in Finland and Sweden are 1.5 kg and 2.1 kg respectively. In Denmark Boletus edulis and other boletes are the most eaten mushrooms. In Finland it is the species of Lactarius followed by different species of chanterelles. In Sweden the species of chanterelles are the most popular.

On the decline of chantarelles in the forests of Europe - Flemming Rune - 37: 9-12.
Summary: A remarkable decline of Chantarellus cibarius has been reported by several authors. This is possibly the combined effect of a number of different changes in the forest environment. Deposition of atmospheric pollutants seems to be of significant importance to both the number of fruitbodies and the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. It is doubtful whether harvesting of fruitbodies has any effect in reducing the productivity of the mycelium.

From the database - Jan Vesterholt - 37: 14-18.
Summary: The Danish red data book on fungi is now accessible on the homepage of the Danish Mycological Society, www.mycosoc.dk. All Danish records of fungi included in the red data book, as well as a number of species suspected to be in decline, are collected in a data base. A news bulletin, Myco News, reporting recent records of rare and interesting fungi is updated with regular intervals. It can be found on the homepage of the Danish Mycological Society (but only in a Danish version).

The genus Onygena Pers.:Fr.; species of Ascomycota decomposing keratin - Pia Boisen Hansen - 37: 19-23.
Summary: The two Danish species of Onygena, O. equina and O. corvina are presented. A general introduction is given to keratinolytic fungi of the Onygenales and to the characteristics of the genus Onygena. Though rare in Denmark, O. corvina is the more common of the two species, most frequently found on feathers and pellets. O. equina has been reported only four times, all of them on hoofs and horn, and since the last verified report is from 1913 the species is considered to be extinct in Denmark. It is uncertain whether O. caprina var. ungulina has been found in Denmark as the collection is lost; its placement in Onygena is questionable due to the deviant spores.

Notes on rare fungi collected in Denmark. - Jan Vesterholt (ed.) - 37: 24-26.
Summary: The first Danish record of Hemimycena cephalotricha is reported from Quercus bark in a small near-natural forest patch with a mixture of mainly Fagus, Fraxinus and Quercus. The material was macroscopically very similar to H. tortuosa material (from the UK).
Psathyrella suavissima is reported as new to Denmark; the material is described and compared with other published descriptions. A further, somewhat older Danish collection, without annotations is cited based on a determination by L. Örstadius.
Cortinarius bulliardii has been found in the Århus-forests for the first time since 1927. It was found in two places in November and January. At present it is only known from one other Danish locality.

Orchid mycorrhiza - a delicate balance - Yoko Luise Dupont - 37: 29-39.
Summary: Orchid mycorrhiza is the close association between orchids and certain species of fungi, often belonging to the imperfect genus Rhizoctonia. The symbiosis differs from other kinds of mycorrhiza primarily by:
(1) The relationship is established at an early seedling stage, and formation of mycorrhiza is crucial for further development of the orchid.
(2) Translocation of carbon compounds is mainly in the direction from fungus to orchid.
On the other hand, there is also evidence of the fungus gaining some advantage from the symbiosis, and sometimes even overexploiting the orchid host. In this article the association between the symbionts are discussed, emphasizing mutualistic and parasitic tendencies. The symbiosis is examined at three successively finer levels: Taxonomical and ecological relations; structural characters; physiological interactions. It is concluded that orchid mycorrhiza is an intricate dynamic balance which is disturbed by both too heavy exploitation and by too strict control of one symbiont over the other.

Krieglsteinera lasiosphaeriae, a most peculiar parasite on Lasiosphaeria ovina - Thomas Læssøe & Christian lange - 37: 42-44.
Summary: The authors describe and illustrate ana- and teleomorphic structures of the peculiar heterobasidiomycetous mycoparasite Krieglsteinera lasiosphaeriae found on the perithecia of Lasiosphaeria ovina at five sites in Denmark. It is a first report from Denmark and the authors believe that it probably is a common fungus, at least in Denmark. At one occasion both host and parasite was "cultured" in a moist chamber.

Cantharellus amethysteus and related species in Denmark - Christian Lange - 38: 1-6.
Summary: A description is given of C. amethysteus based on three collections from 1997 in Denmark, giving a total of four known localities from Denmark. It is decided to recognize both C. amethysteus and C. pallens at species level, based primarily on cap characters, flesh reaction and ecology. C. amethysteus is found to have slightly larger spores than C. cibarius, but not as significantly as indicated by Romagnesi (1995). C. amethysteus and C. pallens is found on rich, often clayey soil in Denmark, contrary to C. cibarius which seems to prefer more sandy and acidic soil types. Table 1 summarizes the main characters in this group of chanterelles. Another rare canthrelle, C. melanoxeros, collected twice in Denmark, is shortly discussed. C. friesii, hitherto not known from Denmark, is mentioned. It is known from neighbouring countries and therefore it should be taken into consideration when collecting chanterelles in Denmark.
Illustrations of C. cibarius, C. pallens, C. amethysteus and C. melanoxeros are presented.

Notes on rare fungi collected in Denmark. - Jan Vesterholt (ed.) - 38: 7-12.
Summary: The following species belonging to the Xylariaceae are reported as new to Denmark: Biscogniauxia nummularia, Hypoxylon macrocarpum, H. julianii and Lopadostoma pouzarii. Hypoxylon macrocarpum appears to be widespread whilst the remaining taxa only are known from single collections.
The first Danish record of Geopora sumneriana is reported and a description is given. The fungus fruited in a cemetary lawn underneath Cedrus sp.
Sarcoscypha austriaca has been found in an orange form in eastern Jutland. It seems that S. austriaca is more common in Denmark than S. coccinea.
Verpa conica had an unusually good year in 1998 and was found in seven localities, of which five were new.

Russula innocua - Christian Lange - 38: 13-14.
Summary: The author presents four collections of Russula innocua Singer from Scandinavia; three from Denmark and one from southern Sweden. These collections seem to be the first from Scandinavia. It is separated from the in some ways similar Russula aeruginea by its smaller size, more pale colours, white to pale cream spore deposit and spinulose spores without anastomosing ridges. Russula innnocua prefers deciduous forests on rich mineral soil, growing in places rich in species of ectomycorrhizal macrofungi, e.g. Russula, lactarius, Cortinarius and Boletus. It is not bound to Betula or Picea like R. aeruginea and it was on all Danish localities found under Fagus sylvatica on clayey soil.

Danish Hypocrealean fungi 4 - Arachnocrea stipata - Thomas Læssøe - 38: 25-26.
Summary: Arachnocrea stipata is reported for the first time from Denmark based on a number of collections from leaf litter and decaying branches (Picea, Pinus and Fagus). It seems to be widespread in Denmark and, indeed, in the northern temperate zone.

Notes on fungal nomenclature (8) - Flemming Rune - 38: 27-30.
Summary: Nomenclatural problems for four species of macrofungi are discussed, and the valid names according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code) 1994, are selected.
The orthography of Mycena tintinabulum (Fr. 1838) Quel. 1872, is determined by the spelling by the original author. The younger orthographic variant M. tintinnabulum must not be used.
A similar situation exists for Entoloma chalybeum (Pers. 1801 : Fr. 1821) Noordel. 1982, where the younger orthographic variant E. chalybaeum must not be used.
When synonymizing Psathyrella gracilis (Pers. 1801 : Fr. 1821) Quel. 1872 and P. corrugis (Pers. 1797 : Fr. 1821) Konrad & Maubl. 1948, the latter takes priority as the oldest sanctioned name, even though the former has been widely used this century. The oldest non-sanctioned name is Agaricus diffusus Batsch 1786.
Gyromitra ancilis (pers. 1822 : Fr. 1822) Kreisel 1984 takes priority over G. perlata (Fr. 1822 : Fr. 1822) Harmaja 1969, because its basionym precedes the latter with several months in 1822.

The fungi of Skanderborg Dyrehave - Jens Mårbjerg - 39: 1-12.
Summary: The funga of Skanderborg Dyrehave was investigated during 11 years from 1986 to 1997. A total of 881 species were recorded. Mycologically, the most interestering parts of the forest are small areas with black mull where a number of Lepiota species etc have been found. Also the boggy areas with alder and birch have a large number of fungi, including several that are rare in Denmark.

Notes on rare fungi collected in Denmark. - Jan Vesterholt (ed.) - 39: 13-15.
Summary: Biscogniauxia repanda is reported for the first time from Denmark. It grew on its usual substrate, Sorbus aucuparia trunks and branches, in an ancient oak dominated woodland in NW Denmark.
A short presentation of Plectania melastoma is given. It is rare in Denmark, recorded from 10 localities all together. It is reported from Abies alba twigs in a rather calcareous area.
Three collections of Marasmius anomalus document the presence of this large spored Marasmius in Denmark. Two are from the driest part of Denmark (Samsø), where the flora is related to that of the steppes in SE Europe, whilst the third one came from a steep S exposed, calcareous grass-clad slope in N Jutland.
Coprinus hercules is reported for the first time from Denmark. Unlike previous records which all originated from lawns, the Danish material grew on composted Miscanthus in pots containing Hedera-plants. Kees Uljé kindly confirmed the determination.

Danish Hypocrealean fungi 5. Neobarya parasitica and "Barya" parasitica - Thomas Læssøe - 39: 40-41.
A description, partly compiled, is given of Neobarya parasitica, and all known Danish records are listed. It is considered rare but certainly also overlooked. The first Swedish records are listed. The status of Barya lichenophila Ferd. & Winge is discussed. The type is apparently lost but based on the description it appears to be a genuine species of Neobarya. It was found on old Cladonia thalli in a W Jutland heath in August.

Tricholoma ustale and T. ustaloides - Morten Christensen - 39: 42-46.
Summary: Tricholoma ustale and T. ustaloides are two species which are easily confused. They may be distinguished by three important characters: The taste of T. ustale is mild or slightly farinaceous. The taste of T. ustaloides is strongly farinaceous and very bitter. The apex of the stipe of T. ustaloides has a distinct white annular zone. T. ustale does not show this character. Old specimens of T. ustaloides often have a distinctly sulcate cap margin. T. ustale normally has a straight margin.
The name Agaricus (Tricholoma) ustalis was by Fries (1821) used in a broader sense than at present including T. flavobrunneum (Fr.) Kumm. (= T. fulvum ss. auct.). To solve the confusion a typification of the two taxa is needed.

From the database - Jan Vesterholt - 39: 47-48.
Since November 1998 the database of records of redlisted fungi in Denmark has been accessible on the website of the Danish Mycological Society: www.mycosoc.dk. Many interesting records were added to the database in 1998, and many grassland fungi had an exceptionally good year due to the rainy summer.

Mushroom hunting in the rain forests of Borneo - Thomas Læssøe - 40: 1-8.

Notes on rare fungi collected in Denmark - Jan Vesterholt (red.) - 40: 9-11.
Pluteus umbrosus var. albus has been found for the second time in Denmark. It was growing on a Fagus trunk on the type locality of this white variety.
Hebeloma incarnatulum decribed from Michigan, U.S.A. is reported as new to Denmark. H. bryogenes described from Europe is considered a synonym.
Marasmiellus humillimus is reported for the second time from Denmark. It was growing in tussocks of Deschampsia caespitosa with Camarophyllopsis foetens and Hygrocybe intermedia.

Yellow Phlegmacium species in Denmark - Thomas Stjernegaard Jeppesen & Tobias Frøslev - 40: 13-27.
The Danish species of Cortinarius subgen. Phlegmacium sect. Fulvi are discussed, and a key is presented in which, unlike earlier Danish keys to the section, the use of macrochemical colour reactions is stressed. The broad species concept and the taxonomy suggested in Brandrud (in prep. I and II) is followed.
Ten species are reported from Denmark seven of which have distinct yellow colours on both cap surface and gills. Nearly all species are included in the Danish red list of macrofungi. C. splendens may formerly have been overreported due to confusion with C. citrinus and C. alcalinophilus, and it may therefore be so rare that it should be included in the Danish red list as well.
Two species not reported from Denmark, C. nanceiencis and C. fulvocitrinus, are included here as they occur in our neighbouring countries and might be found in Denmark as well.

Introduction to Leotiales - Pia Boisen Hansen - 40: 30-31.
An introduction to the basal terms used for describing species of Leotiales is given. The terms will be used in future papers on Leotiales in Svampe.

1998, an exceptionally good year for grassland fungi. - Jan Vesterholt, David Boertmann & Henrik Tranberg - 40: 36-44.
The summer and autumn of 1998 were very rainy giving exceptionally good conditions for the grassland fungi. Several rare species were found in numerous places where they had never been recorded before. Based on the new information, it is suggested that 12 species change status in the Danish red list of macrofungi. Rald has earlier suggested that localities with 17 Hygrocybe species or more are considered to be nationally important protection sites. A survey is given over the 35 known grassland sites in Denmark with 17 Hygrocybe species or more. Here it is suggested that grassland localities with 22 Hygrocybe species or more are considered as being internationally important protection sites.

Mollisia, Pirottaea and Pyrenopeziza species on herbaceous stems in Denmark. - Pia Boisen Hansen & Jan Vesterholt - 40: 45-56.
A survey over Danish species of Mollisia, Pirrotaea and Pyrenopeziza on herbaceous stems is given. 21 species are reported of which 14 are new to Denmark, viz. Mollisia artemisiae, M. coerulans, M. fuscostriata, Pirottaea lamii, P. symphyti, Pyrenopeziza adenostylidis, P. chamaeneri, P. digitalina, P. inornata, P. lychnidis, P. mercurialis, P. millegrana, P. rubi and P. thalictri.

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